Dominant Species

Key vegetative species

Containing a great diversity of ecosystems, TNM provides the opportunity to identify various species of plants even for the most urban of visitors and especially trees and bushes.

Beginning along water courses, moving into the pine forests, mixed forests and brush zones and even into the eucalyptus groves, each area holds its own very particular characteristics and of great natural beauty.

The predominance of determined species varies in accordance with the ecosystem, especially in terms of the availability of water, the soil type, exposure to the sun and among other factors.

ARBOREAL STRATA

Portuguese oak

(Quercus faginea)

Abundant and dispersed throughout the grounds;

Cork oak

(Quercus suber)

Abundant and growing in low altitude zones;

Olive trees

(Quercus ilex)

Present only in the Garden adjoining the Country House;

Stone pine

(Pinus pinea)

Sparse and located in the Chanquinha Pine Forest;

Maritime pine

(Pinus pinaster)

Abundant and located between the Baroque and Codeçal zones;

Sweet chestnut

(Castanea sativa)

Sparse and located in low altitude zones;

Horse chestnut

(Aesculus hipposcastanum)

Sparse, found only in the Celebredo zone;

Grey poplar

(Populus sp.)

Abundant, found in low altitude zones and along watercourses;

London plane

(Platanus sp.)

Abundant but found only in the main valley along the Safarujo watercourse;

Willow

(Salix sp.)

Sparse and occurring in low altitude zones and along watercourses;

Ash

(Fraxinus sp.)

Abundant and found in low altitude zones and along watercourses;

Bay

(Lourus nobilis)

Sparse but growing along watercourses;

Judas tree

(Cercis siliquastrum)

Sparse and found only in the main valley along the Safarujo watercourse;

Field elm

(Ulmus minor)

Sparse with only dispersed examples;

Wild Olive

(Olea europaea var. sylvestris)

Abundant and growing dispersed throughout the grounds;

Eucalyptus

(Eucalyptus globulus)

Sparse in numbers and concentrated into five zones.

ARBUSTIVE STRATA

Common hawthorn

(Crataegus monogyna)

Abundant, found dispersed throughout the grounds and here attains an arboreal size;

Kermes oak

(Quercus coccifera)

Sparse but dispersed throughout the territory;

Heather

(Erica sp.)

Very abundant and found throughout the grounds;

Myrtle

(Myrtus communis)

Sparse and fragmented and dispersed in distribution;

Pistachio

(Pistacia lentiscus)

Not very abundant with a fragmented and dispersed distribution. Prior to the 2003 fire, some plants had attained an arboreal size;

Flax-leaved daphne

(Daphne gnidium)

Very abundant and found throughout the grounds;

Gorse

(Ulex sp.)

Abundant and growing across the lands.

HERBACEOUS STRATA:

Thin-leaf false brome

(Brachypodium phoenicoides)

Very abundant and found throughout the territory;

Ferns

(Pterydium aquilinum)

Very abundant and found throughout the territory;

Rushes

(Juncus sp.)

Abundant but found only in humid zones.